Keywords
Preservice teachers
Rural education
Teacher shortage
Student teaching
How to Cite
Abstract
This research essay examined a growing trend in a rural area of the Midwest where PK–12 school districts are partnering with a local university to hire teacher candidates (TCs) as the Teachers of Record (TORs). Many rural school districts are challenged to address the teacher shortage. As a result, many school districts are hiring TCs as the TOR during the TC’s student-teaching experience. Due to the limited research on the topic, this paper aimed to determine if appointing the TC as the TOR was an effective practice. We used three data sources to gauge the perceptions of the TC, the TC’s mentor, and the TC’s administrator. Meeting the needs of partnering districts and providing quality placements for TCs engaged in the culminating field experience can be mutually beneficial for teacher candidates, the school district, and the university.
References
AACTE. (2017). Apivot toward clinical practice, its lexicon, and renewingthe profession of teaching. http://www.nysed.gov/common/nysed/ files/cpceexecutivesummary-accessible.pdf
AAQEP. (2019). Standardsand Guide. https://aaqep.org/standards Aragon, S. (2016). Teacher shortages: What we know. education commission of the states. https://www.ecs.org/wp-content/uploads/Teach er-Shortages-What-We-Know.pdf
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.84.2.191
Berry, B., & Shields, P. M. (2017). Solving the teacher shortage: Revisiting the lessons we've learned. Phi Delta Kappan, 98(8), 8-18. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031721717708289
Berman, S. (2004). Effective recruitment and induction into the school district. In J. I. Goodlad & T. J. McMannon (Eds.), The teaching career (pp. 117-139). Columbia University Teachers College Press.
CAEP. (2019). CAEPStandards. http://caepnet.org/~/media/Files/caep/standard s/caep-standards-one-pager-0219.pdf?la=en
Conway, P. F., & Clark, C. M. (2003). The journey inward and outward: a re-examination of Fuller's concerns-based model of teacher development. Teaching and Teacher Education, 19(5), 465-482. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0742-051x(03)00046-5
Darling-Hammond, L. (2003). Keeping good teachers: Why it matters, what leaders do. Educational Leadership , 60(8), 6-13.
Darling-Hammond, L., Hammerness, K., Darling-Hammond, L., & Bransford, J. (2005). The design of teacher education programs. In PreparingTeachersfor a ChangingWorld (pp. 390-441). Jossey-Bass.
Duckworth, A. L., C Peterson, Matthews, M. D., & Kelly, D. R. (2007) Grit: Perseverance and passion for long-term goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(6), 1087-1101.
Dweck, C. S. (2016). Mindset: the new psychology of success. Random House.
Education First. (2016). Ensuring high-quality teacher talent: How strong, bold partnerships between school districts and teacher preparation programs are transforming the teacher pipeline. https://education-first.com/wp-content/uploads /2016/01/Ensuring-High-Quality-Teacher-Talent. pdf
Fuller, F. F., & Bown, O. H. (1975). Becoming a teacher. In K. Ryan (Ed.), Teacher Education (pp. 25-51). University of Chicago Press.
García, E. & Weiss, E. (2019). The teacher shortage is real, large and growing, and worse than we thought: The first report in ?The perfect storm in the teacher labor market?series. Washington, DC: Economic Policy Institute.
García, E., & Weiss, E. (2020). How teachers view their own professional status: A snapshot. Phi Delta Kappan, 101(6), 14?18. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031721720909581
Green, P. (2019, September 5). We need to stop talking about the teacher shortage. Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/
Grossman, P. L. (1992). Why models matter: An alternate view on professional growth in teaching. Review of Educational Research, 62(2), 171-179. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543062002171
Hammerness, K., Hammond-Darling, L., Bransford, J., Cochran-Smith, M., McDonald, M., Zeicherner, K., & Berliner, D. (2005). How teachers learn and develop. In Preparing Teachers for a ChangingWorld (pp. 358-389). Jossey-Bass.
Hollenbeck, J. R., Williams, C. R., & Klein, H. J. (1989). An empirical examination of the antecedents of commitment to difficult goals. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(1), 18-23. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.74.1.18
Katnik, P. (2020, January). Missouri Department of Elementary and Secondary Education. https://dese.mo.gov/sites/default/files/ OutreachPlanJan2020.pdf Katz, L. ECAP. University of Illinois. http://ecap.crc.illinois.edu/pubs/katz-dev-stages /index.html
Learning Policy Institute. (2016, January 18). Welcome to learning policy institute. https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/product/ what-voters-think-about-teacher-shortage
Missouri Department of Elementary and Secondary Education. (2020). Checklist for substitute teachers. https://dese.mo.gov/edu cator-quality/certification/checklist-substituteteachers
Northwest Missouri State University. (n.d.). Christa McAuliffe Excellence in Teacher Education Award. https://www.nwmissouri.edu/education /mcauliffe.htm
Northwest Missouri State University. (n.d.). Welcome to Student Teaching. https://www.nwmissouri.edu/education/peu/st udentteach/index.htm
Partelow, L. (2019, December 3). What to make of decliningenrollment in teacher preparation programs. Center for American Progress. https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/educ ation-k-12/reports/2019/12/03/477311/makedeclining-enrollment-teacher-preparationprograms/
Reischl, C. H., Khasnabis, D., & Karr, K. (2017). Cultivating a school-university partnership for teacher learning. Phi Delta Kappan, 98(8), 48-53. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031721717708295
Voss, T., & Kunter, M. (2019). Reality shock of beginning teachers?Changes in teacher candidates?emotional exhaustion and constructivist-oriented beliefs. Journal of Teacher Education, 71(3), 292-306. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487119839700
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).